一、服务器进程的启动和关闭：
下面是pg_ctl命令的使用方法和常用选项，需要指出的是，该命令是postgres命令的封装体，因此在使用上比直接使用postgres更加方便。
pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o “OPTIONS”]
pg_ctl start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o “OPTIONS”]
pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]
pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR]
pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]